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Methylobacillus flagellatus
''Methylobacillus flagellatus'' is a species of aerobic bacteria.
==Description and significance==
''Methylobacillus'' is a group of methylotrophic aerobic bacteria, and they can be found in large numbers in marine and fresh water ecosystems.〔Chistoserdova L, Lapidus A, Han C, Goodwin L, Saunders L, Brettin T, Tapia R, Gilna P, Lucas S, Richardson PM, Lidstrom ME. “Genome of Methylobacillus flagellatus, Molecular Basis for Obligated Methylotrophy, and Polyphyletic Origin of Methylotrophy” American Society for Microbiology. 2007. Vol 189, No.11. p. 4020-4027.〕〔Siddiqui AA, Jalah R, Sharma YD. “Expression and purification of HtpX-like small heat shock integral membrane protease of an unknown organism related to Methylobacillus flagellatus” Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods. 2007. Vol 70, No.4. p. 539-546.〕 These organisms are one of Earth’s most important carbon recyclers, and they recycle such important carbon compounds as methane, methanol, and methylated amines on Earth.〔Bonnie Jo Bratina, Gregory A. Brusseau, Richard S. Hanson. “Use of 16S rRNA analysis to investigate phylogeny of methylotrophic bacteria” International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1992. Vol 42, No. 4. p. 645-648.〕〔 “In general methylotrophs can use green-house gases such as carbon dioxide and methane as substrates to fulfill their energy and carbon needs.”〔Richard S. Hanson, Thomas E. Hanson. “Methanotrophic bacteria” Microbiological Reviews. 1996. Vol 60, No. 2. p. 439-471.〕 Furthermore, strong scientific evidences indicate that a subset group of methylotrophs, the methanotrophs, play huge roles in global warming and groundwater contamination. According to Bonnie et al., methane gas is far more efficient at absorbing infrared radiation than carbon dioxide gas, and “the concentration of methane has been increasing at an alarming rate of 1% per year for the last 150 year to 200 years.”〔 The role that these methylotrophs play in carbon cycling may help us understand, and eventually combat global warming. Thus, it is imperative for researchers to classify, and study methylotrophic bacteria.
One such important methylotroph of interest is Methylobacillus flagellatus KT strain. Methylobacillus flagellatus was first isolated in the early 1980s in sewerage pipes of a metropolitan sanitary sewer. “M. flagellatus is most closely related to other members of the family Methylophilaceae.”〔 The shape of M. flagellatus is an oval shape, with multiple flagella originating from opposite poles of the bacteria.〔(Methylobacillus flagellatus KT )〕 Using small-subunit 16S rRNAs and comparing metabolic/phylogenic similarities and differences< between M. flagellatus and its relatives, scientists have determined that Methylobacillus flagellatus (betaproteobacteria) is more closely related to Methylobacterium extorquens (alphaproteobacteria) and Methylococcus capsulatus (gammaproteobacteria), than to Methylibium petroleiphilum (betaproteobacteria).〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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